Questions
Syllabus
Notes
Qns. By Syllabus

Semester

Subject

Year

Tribhuwan University

Institute of Science and Technology

Model

Bachelor Level / First Year / First Semester / Science

Bachelors in Information Technology (BIT101)

(Introduction to Information Technology)

Full Marks: 60

Pass Marks: 24

Time: 3 Hours

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as for as practicable.

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Section A

Long Answers Questions

Attempt any TWO questions.
[2*10=20]
1.
What do you mean by guided and unguided transmission media?Describe the different types of guided and unguided transmission media in brief?[2+8]

What do you mean by Guided and Unguided Transmission Media? [2 marks]

Transmission media is the physical path between the sender and receiver through which data signals travel.

  • Guided Media: Signals are directed along a physical path (cable/wire). Example: Twisted pair cable, Optical fiber.
  • Unguided Media: Signals are transmitted wirelessly through air/space without any physical conductor. Example: Radio waves, Microwaves.

Describe the different types of guided and unguided transmission media in brief [8 marks]

A) Guided Transmission Media (Wired)

Guided media uses a physical conductor to guide the signal from sender to receiver.

i. Twisted Pair Cable

  • Contains two insulated copper wires twisted together to reduce electromagnetic interference (crosstalk).
  • Types: UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) and STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)
  • Speed: Up to 1 Gbps
  • Use: Telephone lines, LAN connections
  • Cheapest among guided media but short distance coverage

ii. Coaxial Cable

  • Has a central copper conductor surrounded by an insulating layer, metallic shield, and outer plastic jacket.
  • Better shielding than twisted pair, hence less interference
  • Speed: Up to 10 Gbps
  • Use: Cable TV, broadband internet connections
  • Supports longer distances than twisted pair

iii. Optical Fiber Cable

  • Transmits data as light pulses through a thin glass or plastic core using total internal reflection.
  • Highest bandwidth and fastest speed among all guided media
  • Speed: Up to 100+ Gbps
  • Immune to electromagnetic interference
  • Use: Long-distance communication, internet backbone, undersea cables
  • Expensive but most reliable

B) Unguided Transmission Media (Wireless)

Unguided media transmits electromagnetic signals through free space (air/vacuum) without any physical conductor.

i. Radio Waves

  • Frequency: 3 KHz to 1 GHz
  • Omnidirectional — signals travel in all directions
  • Can penetrate walls and buildings
  • Use: FM radio, TV broadcasting, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth

ii. Microwaves

  • Frequency: 1 GHz to 300 GHz
  • Unidirectional — signals travel in a straight line (line-of-sight)
  • Requires repeaters for long distances due to earth's curvature
  • Use: Satellite communication, long-distance telephone links, radar

iii. Infrared Waves

  • Frequency: 300 GHz to 400 THz
  • Short-range communication, cannot penetrate walls
  • Line-of-sight transmission required
  • Use: TV remote controls, short-range device communication (IrDA)

Conclusion: Guided media offers more security and reliability but is limited by physical installation, while unguided media provides mobility and flexibility but is prone to interference and security threats.

2.
Define a database system.List the components of database system.[2+8]
3.
What is operating system?What are different types of Computer Software? Explain in brief[2+8]
Section B

Short Answers Questions

Attempt any Eight questions.
[8*5=40]
4.
What are the components of general-purpose computer? Draw the block diagram of General-purpose computer. [5]
5.
What is instruction cycle? Explain the steps of instruction cycle. [5]
6.
Explain the computer bus. What are types of computer bus? [5]
7.
Explain the significance of the face value and position value of a number with an example. Convert the decimal number 47 into binary, octal and hexadecimal. [5]
8.
What do you understand by the term Computer security? What are the targets of the security attack? [5]
9.
What is the need of communication protocol? List the seven layers of the OSI model protocol, in order. [5]
10.
What do you understand by Societal impacts of IT? [5]
11.
Convert 34.4674 from Base 10 to Base 16 [5]
12.
Write short notes on: a. Internet of Things (IoT) Write short notes on: b. Instruction set [2.5+2.5]