Why distributed database is important? What is transparency? Explain different types of transparencies in distributed databases. [10]

Define fragmentation. Explain horizontal fragmentation with an example. [5]

What are the characteristics of NOSQL Systems? [5]

Write short notes on: a) Big data b) Information retrieval [5]

Explain different features of enhanced ER(EER) model. Compare specialization with generalization. [10]

Explain aggregation with suitable example. [5]

Compare object oriented database with object relational database. What are different object database features that have been included in SQL? [10]

What is ODMG object model? What is object definition language? [5]

Why hashing is important to store data in databases? What is primary file organization? [5]

Explain different steps in query processing. [5]

Why query optimization is essential in databases? What is heuristic optimization? [5]

What is the concept of active database? What are triggers? [5]