What is two-phase locking? What are different types of locks in two-phase locking? Explain basic, conservative, strict, rigorous two-phase locking. What is lock conversion? [10]
2.
Why do we need concurrency control in databases? Explain. [5]
Data Modeling Using the Entity-Relational Model
1.
What is conceptual data model? Explain different types of attributes used in ER diagram. [5]
Database Recovery Techniques
1.
Why database recovery is essential? Explain recovery technique based on immediate update. [5]
Database System – Concepts and Architecture
1.
What is fat-file system? What are the advantages of using DBMS approach? [5]
2.
Define data abstraction, data model, schemas, instances and database state. [5]
Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory
1.
Define transaction. What are different desirable properties of transaction. [5]
Relational Database Design
1.
Define normalization. Why normalization is important in database design? Explain 1NF, 2NF and 3NF with suitable example. [10]
SQL
1.
Consider a banking database with three tables and primary keys underlined as given below: Customer(CustomerID, CustomerName, Address, Phone, Email) Owns(CustomerID, AccountNumber) Account(AccountNumber, AccountType, Balance) Write both relational algebra and SQL queries: a. To display name of all customers who live in 'Kathmandu'. b. To count total number of customers. c. To find name of those customers who have balance greater than or equal to 100000. d. To find average balance of each account type. [10]
The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus
1.
What is tuple relational calculus? Explain. [5]
2.
Write short notes on: a. Natural join b. Shadow paging [5]
The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints
1.
What is relational model? Define the terms domain, attribute, tuple and relation. [5]