Definition, Hard, Soft and Firm Real Time System, Real Time Vs. Embedded System, Timing Constraints, Application of Real Time System, Brief Survey of Real Time Programming: Ada 95, C, C++, C#, Fortran, Java, Occam 2, Special Real-Time Languages

Processor and Resources, Temporal Parameters of Real-Time Workload, Periodic and Aperiodic Task Model, Precedence Constraints and Data Dependency, Other Dependencies, Functional Parameters, Resource Parameters of Jobs and Parameters of Resources

Clock Driven Scheduling – Definition, Notations and Assumption, Scheduler Concepts, General Scheduling Structure, Cyclic Executives. Priority Driven Scheduling - Notations and Assumption, Fixed Priority Verses Dynamic Priority, Fixed Priority Scheduling Algorithms (RM and DM) and their Schedulability Analysis, Concept of Schedulability Tests – Inexact and Exact Schedulability Tests for RM and DM, Optimality of the RM and DM Algorithms, Practical Factors

Aperiodic Task Scheduling: Assumption and Approaches, Server Based and Non-Server Based Fixed Priority Scheduling Algorithms: Polling Server, Deferrable Server, Simple Sporadic Server, Priority Exchange, Extended Priority Exchange, Slack Stealing. Introduction to Scheduling of Flexible Computations: Flexible Applications, Imprecise Computation Model and Firm Deadline Model. Introduction to Scheduling of Flexible Computations –Flexible Applications, Imprecise Computation Model and Firm Deadline Model.

Process Stack Management, Multiple-Stack Arrangements, Memory Management in the TaskControl-Block Model, Swapping, Overlays, Block or Page Management, Memory Locking, Working Sets, Real-Time Garbage Collection, Contiguous File Systems

Assumptions on Resources and their Usage, Effects of Resources Contention and Resource Access Control, Non Preemptive Critical Sections, Basic Priority-Inheritance Protocol, Basic PriorityCeiling Protocol, Stack-Based, Priority-Ceiling (Ceiling-Priority) Protocol, Use of Priority-Ceiling Protocol In Dynamic-Priority System, Preemption-Ceiling Protocol, Controlling Accesses to Multiple-Unit Resources, Controlling Concurrent Accesses to Data Objects

Challenges in Analyzing Real-Time Systems, Performance Analysis: Analysis of Round-Robin Systems, Response-Time Analysis for Fixed-Period Systems, Response-Time Analysis: RMA Example, Analysis of Sporadic and Aperiodic Interrupt Systems, Performance Optimization: Compute at Slowest Cycle, Scaled Numbers, Binary Angular Measure, Optimizing Memory Usage; Analysis of Memory Requirements; Reducing Memory Utilization: Variable Selection, Memory Fragmentation

Introduction, Model of Real-Time Communication, Real Time Traffic Model, Real Time Connections and Service Disciplines, Priority – Based Service Disciplines for Switched Network, Weighted Round-Robin Service Disciplines, Medium Access-Control Protocols of Broadcast Networks, Internet and Resource Reservation Protocols, Real-Time Protocol