History and Advantages of C, Problems Analysis, Algorithm and Flowchart (introduction and characteristics of algorithm, introduction and symbols of flowchart start/stop, read/print, processing statement, condition check, direction of flow), Structure of a C Program (preprocessor directive, #include and #define directives, header files and library files); Writing, compiling, Debugging, Executing and Testing a C Program in windows and Linux/Unix like environment (compiler, integrated development environment, compiling and linking, compiler error, linker error, and run-time error)

C Tokens (keywords, identifiers, operators, constants, and special symbols); C Character Sets (letters, digits, special characters and white spaces); Data types (Basic, Derived, and User Defined), Constants and Variables; Expression, Statements and Comments; Escape sequences and Delimiters

Conversion Specifiers; I/O functions; Formatted and Unformatted I/O (sacanf, printf, getchar, putchar, getch, getche, gets, puts, putch, getc, putc)

Arithmetic operators; Relational operators; Logical operators; Assignment operators; Type conversion in assignment; Increment and decrement operators;

Ternary operator (conditional operator); Bitwise operator; Other operators (comma, sizeof); Expression evaluation (implicit and explicit type conversion; Operator precedence and associatively)

Introduction control statements, Selection statements: if, if..else, if..else if ladder, nested if, switch case; break and continue, goto and labels

Iterative statement: For Loop, While Loop, Do while Loop, Nested Loop; The odd loop; Controlling the loop execution, Exit statement

Introduction to Arrays; Initializing Arrays; The meaning of array indexing; One dimensional and Multidimensional Arrays (two dimensional only); String and Basic functions dedicated to string manipulation (reading and writing strings, null character, strcpy, strcmp, strcat, strlen, strupr, strlwr, strrev)

Introduction and types of functions; Declaring, Defining and Calling functions; Arguments and Return Statement; Recursive functions; Function call by value and reference; Variables' scope, local variables and function parameters; Arrays as function parameter; Void as a parameter; Parameterizing the main function; External function and variables; Header files; Static variables; Register Variables

Features of C Preprocessor; Macro Expansion; Macros with Arguments; Macros versus Functions; File Inclusion; Conditional Compilation; #if and #elif Directives; #undef Directive; #pragma Directive; The Build Process; Preprocessing; Compiling; Assembling; Linking; Loading

Introduction of Pointers, declaration and initialization of pointer variables; An address, a reference, a dereference and the sizeof operator; Pointer to nothing (NULL); Pointer assignment; Pointer Arithmetic; Pointer as argument and Pointer as return values; Pointers vs. arrays; Dynamic memory allocationIntroduction of Pointers, declaration and initialization of pointer variables; An address, a reference, a dereference and the sizeof operator; Pointer to nothing (NULL); Pointer assignment; Pointer Arithmetic; Pointer as argument and Pointer as return values; Pointers vs. arrays; Dynamic memory allocation

Definition of Structure; Array of structures; Passing structure and array of structure to function; Pointers to structures and arrays of structures; Self- referential structures; Typedef; Table Lookup; Unions

Files vs. streams; Header files needed for stream operations; Opening and closing a stream, open modes, errno variable; Reading and writing to/from a stream; Predefined streams: stdin, stdout and stderr; Stream manipulation: fgetc(), fputc(), fgets() and fputs() functions; Raw input/output: fread() and fwrite() functions; Random access to files